Everything about Gossypium Arboreum totally explained
Gossypium arboreum, commonly called
tree cotton, is a species of
cotton native to
India and
Pakistan and other tropical and subtropical regions of the
Old World. There is evidence of its cultivation as long ago as 2000 BC by the
Harappan civilization of the
Indus Valley for the production of cotton textiles. This species of cotton was introduced into East Africa by about 2000 years ago, and was grown by the
Meroe civilization in
Nubia, the first cotton weavers in Africa. The shrub was included in
Linnaeus's
Species Plantarum published in 1753. The
holotype was also supplied by him, which is now in the Linnean Herbarium in the
Swedish Museum of Natural History.
The
flowers are set on short
pedicels (for example flower stalks). An
epicalyx is present, which is a series of subtending
bracts that resemble
sepals. It has large, ovate segments that are dentate (for example toothed along the margins), though sometimes only very slightly so. They are cordate (for example heart-shaped) at the base and acute at the apex. The true
calyx is small, measuring only about 5 mm in length. Its shape is cupular, and there are 5 subtle dentations present. The
corolla is a pale yellow on colour, sometimes with a purple centre, and occasionally entirely purple. It measures 3 to 4 cm in length. The
staminal tube bears the anthers and is 1.5 to 2 cm in length. The
fruit is a 3 to 4 celled capsule measuring 1.5 to 2.5 cm across. It is ovoid or oblong in shape and glabrous (for example hairless). The surface is pitted and a beak is present at the termnial end. The seeds within are globular and are covered in long white
cotton.
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